It is also important to note that Sam68 is involved in viral replication within the cytoplasm; during infection, Sam68 interacts with viral elements, the internal ribosome entry site (IRES) [Fig. 4C(iii)] and the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase 3Dpol (95, –, 97), and cytoplasmic virus-induced stress granules (97, 98), and sequestration of cytoplasmic Sam68 by viral structures may interfere with recruitment to death signaling complexes. The gene discussed is KHDRBS1; the disease is infection.