While increased infiltration of T and NK cells has been observed in tumors with a local production of CCL5, CXCL10 or CX3CL1, these chemokines had to be artificially introduced into the tumor microenvironment by intratumoral injections of chemokine-encoding DNA plasmids and adenoviral vectors or chemokine-stimulating cytokines such as IFN-γ [20, 39, 40]. This evidence concerns the gene CX3CL1 and neoplasm.