IRF1 and neoplasm: The 146 metastasis‐related DE genes regulated by IRF1 were significantly enriched in several functional pathways (hypergeometric distribution model, FDR < 0.05, Table S6), such as ‘cell cycle’ (Muller‐Tidow et al., 2001), ‘activation of MAPK activity’ (Santarpia et al., 2012), and several pathways, including ‘cell–matrix adhesion’ (Sin et al., 2011) and ‘angiogenesis’ (Macchiarini et al., 1992), involved in tumor microenvironment, which were also related to cell migration and metastasis.