The expressions of protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunits (PRKAA1 and PRKAA2) and protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunits (PRKAB2 and PRKAG3), which code for AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) sub-units, were found to be downregulated in AD, which is consistent with the above depicted Fig. 1. Here, PRKAA1 is linked to Alzheimer disease.