After excluding patients with implantable cardiac devices and atrial fibrillation, 1420 patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HeFREF) [age: median 71 (interquartile range IQR 63–78) years; men: 71%; NT-ProBNP: 1319 (583–3378) ng/L], 1094 with heart failure and normal ejection fraction (HeFNEF) [age: 76 (70–82) years; men: 47%; NT-ProBNP: 547 (321–1171) ng/L], and 1150 without heart failure [age: 68 (60–75) years; men: 51%; NT-ProBNP: 86 (46–140) ng/L] were included. This evidence concerns the gene NPPB and atrial fibrillation.