TNF and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α levels were higher (2.1, 5.4, 3.6, 6.0 and 4.4-fold, respectively) in HNSCC specimens than in NCMT, whereas the IL-10 level was 0.2-fold lower (Figure 1B).