As shown in Figure 6A and 6B, compared with control mice, CCl4-or BDL-induced liver fibrosis was accompanied by a marked activation of p-Smad3 (S423/425) and upregulation of TGF-β1 mRNA expression (Figure 6E), while casticin administration significantly decreased the phosphorylation of Smad3 and the level of TGF-β1 mRNA. This evidence concerns the gene SMAD3 and Hepatic fibrosis.