TP53 and breast carcinoma: In addition, several genetic syndromes, including hereditary breast and/or ovarian cancer syndrome (caused by BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations) [3]], Cowden syndrome (caused by PTEN gene mutation) [4, 5], hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (caused by CDH1 gene mutation) [6], Li-Fraumeni syndrome (caused by p53 gene mutation) [7], and Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (caused by STK11 gene mutation) [8], have been reported to increase the risk of breast cancer.