The most important human pathologies currently under investigation in increasing clinical trials are directed toward Lf activity against infectious diseases by facultative and obligate intracellular pathogens, inflammatory processes, sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants, anemia of inflammation and oral pathologies, thus suggesting that this multifunctional protein is becoming useful in clinical practice against human diseases. The gene discussed is LTF; the disease is necrotizing enterocolitis.