Our previous studies identified NAP and six urinary markers, including three tubular markers (KIM-1, NGAL, and L-FABP), two pro-inflammatory markers (IL-18 and YKL-40), and a marker of intrarenal RAS status (angiotensinogen), as biomarkers for the early detection of type 2 diabetic nephropathy [11, 12, 21, 22]. The gene discussed is HAVCR1; the disease is type 2 diabetes nephropathy.