The following search terms were used: “vitamin D” or “vitamin D supplementation” or “cholecalciferol” or “25-hydroxyvitamin D” or “VDR knockout” or “1α-hydroxylase deletion” or “CYP27B1 deletion” or “CYP2R1 deletion” and “bone” or “rickets” or “osteomalacia” or “osteoporosis” or “fracture” or “falls” or “cardiovascular disease” or “heart failure” or “hypertension” or “cardiovascular mortality” or “myocardial infarction” or “stroke.” Personal collections of articles on this topic as well as references from selected articles were also used to extend the search. Here, VDR is linked to rickets.