Thus, it is important to incorporate or include non-traditional markers, such as CRP, IL-6, adipocytokines, oxidized LDL, homocysteine, PAI-1, platelet aggregation factor, etc., in assessing the risk for CVD and T2DM in Blacks of African Ancestry who reside in diverse geographic locations (Figure 1). Here, SERPINE1 is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.