TGFB1 and glioblastoma: To further confirm this, we detected the PAI-1 and Smad 7 mRNA level in glioblastoma cells treated with TGF-β1, the data showed that PAI-1 mRNA was increased significantly in four cells treated with TGFb1 for 48 h, however Smad7 mRNA was not enhanced as highly and significantly as PAI-1 mRNA (Fig. 1S).