APP and Alzheimer disease: In brains of AD patients and APP transgenic mouse models, oligomeric Aβ (100 μΜ) deposition is associated with p53 accumulation in neurons undergoing apoptosis in vivo22, 23, and oligomeric Aβ (1.5 μΜ) treatment has been shown to activate p53, driving the transcription of its nuclear targets (i.e. PUMA & Foxo3a) and promoting apoptosis in vitro23.