Consistently, lower percentage of PCNA-positive cells was observed within the media and neointima layers of the injured vessels overexpressed with hnRNPA1 (Figure 6C; Figure XB in the online-only Data Supplement), demonstrating that direct infection of the injured vessels with Lenti-hnRNPA1 decreases VSMC proliferation. This evidence concerns the gene HNRNPA1 and infection.