KLK3 and prostate carcinoma: In contrast, men who had had a PSA test prior to recruitment (1.31, 1.23–1.40), had any first-degree family history of prostate cancer (1.94, 1.77–2.13), and who reported that they had been diagnosed with an enlarged prostate (1.54, 1.38–1.71) had an elevated risk of prostate cancer.