Total physical activity was also not associated with prostate cancer risk in the current study, whereas findings from a recent meta-analysis of 46 890 incident cases, which showed that greater leisure-time physical activity was associated with a higher risk of prostate cancer (Moore et al, 2016), although the impact on those results of detection bias was not clear (i.e., the extent to which PSA testing is associated with health-conscious behaviour). This evidence concerns the gene KLK3 and prostate carcinoma.