In contrast, men who had had a PSA test prior to recruitment (1.31, 1.23–1.40), had any first-degree family history of prostate cancer (1.94, 1.77–2.13), and who reported that they had been diagnosed with an enlarged prostate (1.54, 1.38–1.71) had an elevated risk of prostate cancer. Here, KLK3 is linked to Familial prostate cancer.