APOE and atherosclerosis: We studied the impact of gugulipid administration on lipoprotein cholesterol levels, endothelial function, and development of atherosclerosis and/or ischemic heart disease in male wild-type mice; apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE KO) mice, a model of atherosclerosis without ischemic complications; and SR-BI knockout and atherogenic–diet-fed male apolipoprotein E hypomorphic (SR-BI KO/ApoER61h/h) mice, a model of lethal ischemic heart disease due to severe atherosclerosis.