TNF and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis: In the pathogenesis of NAFLD/NASH, proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) play essential roles in regulating the inflammatory response via mediating the activation of their downstream signaling pathways, such as NF-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) [13,14,15,16].