MiR-133b released from MSCs was transferred into astrocytes and neurons via exosomes both in vitro and in vivo, thus regulating connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and ras homolog gene family member A (RhoA) expression and increasing axonal plasticity and neurite remodeling in the ischemic boundary zone (IBZ), subsequently promoting functional recovery after stroke [94, 95]. Here, CCN2 is linked to stroke disorder.