In contrast, Tim-3 expression was not associated with age (Rs 0.11, P = 0.31), but was significantly higher among children with asymptomatic parasitemia (both submicroscopic and microscopic, P = 0.01, Fig. 4f) These data are consistent with the hypothesis that recurrent malaria leads to upregulation of multiple immunoregulatory pathways that dampen the immune response to malaria. Here, HAVCR2 is linked to malaria.