DPP4 and heart failure: There is some evidence from published literature that DPP-4 inhibitors generally and saxagliptin in particular might have beneficial effects in animal models of heart failure secondary to myocardial infarction [12], isoproterenol treatment [13], pacing-induced dilated cardiomyopathy [14] and ischaemia reperfusion injury [15], as well as rodent and swine models of pressure overload secondary to transverse aortic constriction [16, 17].