Of these, the most cited examples include the use of imatinib for BCR-ABL positive chronic myeloid leukemia or c-Kit positive gastrointestinal tumors [7], anti-HER2 antibodies for HER2 amplified breast or gastric cancers [8], anti-EGFR antibodies for non KRAS mutated colorectal cancers [9], small molecule EGFR inhibitors for EGFR mutated lung cancers [10, 11], BRAF inhibitors or combinations of BRAF and MEK inhibitors for melanoma patients bearing BRAF mutations in their tumors [12] or ALK inhibitors for ALK or ROS translocations in lung cancer [13]. The gene discussed is ALK; the disease is lung carcinoma.