On the other hand, the top DE genes include 4 genes involved in WNT signaling - WNT3, TCF4, CDK14, all upregulated in cases, and CTNNB1, downregulated in cases (plus a fifth gene, CTBP1, also upregulated in cases with a statistical significance of FDR = 0.086), a key pathway in CLL (31). This evidence concerns the gene TCF4 and B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia.