Microglia of P4 neonates born to NV and LMWT-infected mothers presented high levels of IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α and lacked production of IL-12p40 (Table 4); a Th2 pattern similar to the cytokine profile reported in meningitis and encephalitic cases of listeriosis [4, 33, 35]. Here, TNF is linked to meningitis.