In support, the post-transcriptional repressor miR-1304 ancestral allele present in Neanderthals and today restricted to Asia (6% frequency in South Asia), which is responsible for the lower expression of the dental proteins enamelin and amelotin, may also shape the dentition or contribute to a higher risk of amelogenesis imperfecta in Asian populations [26]. Here, AMTN is linked to amelogenesis imperfecta.