INS and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Exacerbation of obesity, particularly an increased visceral WAT, generally induces invasion of inflammatory cells, such as macrophages, and initiates adipose tissue inflammation followed by insulin resistance and aggravation of hyperglycemia.27, 28 Expression of inflammatory markers and macrophage infiltration, however, decreased in adipose tissue of TA-1887-treated mice compared with controls, and TA-1887-treated mice demonstrated increased insulin sensitivity and enhanced glucose utilization.