VEGFA and endothelial dysfunction: In the past few years, in support of our findings, there have been several studies supporting a beneficial role for PTP1B in endothelial dysfunction that is independent of IR signalling but, instead, dependent on that of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signalling through the negative regulation of VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) (see Thiebaut et al. [30] for a recent review).