Nrf2 supports NADPH production through the positive regulation of the principal NADPH-generating enzymes: glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6pd), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (Pgd), isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (Idh1), and malic enzyme 1 (Me1), as shown in primary cortical astrocytes (91), lung cancer cells (107), mouse small intestine (164), and mouse liver (184). Here, ME1 is linked to lung carcinoma.