The most formal of an HMGB1/TLR4/IL-33 axis was recently [24] shown in diabetic cardiomyopathy in mice where high glucose mediated cardiomyocyte HMGB1 release interacts with TLR4 on cardiac fibroblasts and results in decrease in IL-33. This evidence concerns the gene HMGB1 and diabetic cardiomyopathy.