Although Il18−/− mice were shown to be resistant to T. cruzi (Graefe et al., 2003), discrepancy between the outcomes in Il18r1−/− versus Il18−/− mice was also previously documented for infection with M. tuberculosis and in autoimmunity (Gutcher et al., 2006; Schneider et al., 2010). The gene discussed is IL18; the disease is infection.