ASGR1 and liver cancer: Regarding apoptosis, RGPPNs exhibited a stronger effect on the induction of apoptosis in HepG2 cells than RPNs, RPPNs, and RGP&PNs, which indicated that RGPPNs prepared with the newly synthesized Gal-SP188–PLGA had better active targeting functions and a stronger inhibitory effect on liver cancer cells with high levels of ASGPR expression.