DPP4 and heart failure: There is no doubt that major cardiovascular events (MACE), death, and heart failure are indeed robust clinical endpoints; however, some of the results such as the potential heart failure signal for the dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitor saxagliptin in SAVOR-TIMI 53 or the pronounced cardiovascular benefit of the sodium-dependent glucose transporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors empagliflozin and canagliflozin were rather surprising.