DNMT3A and Epstein-Barr virus infection: This chimes with studies in both B cell and epithelial cell systems showing upregulation of the cellular DNA methyltransferases DNMT1, DNMT3A and DNMT3B by LMP1 and LMP2 [150,151]; interestingly even transient EBV infection of epithelial cells reportedly leaves permanent epigenetic marks [152].