TP53 and viral infectious disease: PUMA (p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis) represents one of the most potent pro-apoptotic BH3-only proteins and a key mediator of p53-dependent apoptosis in response to a wide variety of stress signals including genotoxic stress, double- and single-stranded DNA breaks (i.e., UV, γ-IR, purine analogues, topoisomerase inhibitors, chemotherapeutic agents, etc.)but also oxidative stress, neurotoxins, changes in microtubule structure, deficiency of growth factors, hypoxia and viral infection [10].