ANO1 and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: However, instead of the proliferation-inhibiting effect of lowered [Cl−]i observed in gastric cancer cells by Ohsawa et al. [120], MAPK activation by TMEM16A promotes cell proliferation in UM-SCC1 HNSCC cells, T24 bladder cells, and SMMC-7721 human hepatoma cells [44, 52].