Duvvuri et al. found that TMEM16A overexpression activated the Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK1/2 signaling pathway in UM-SCC1 HNSCC cells and T24 bladder cells, and ERK1/2 inhibition reduced TMEM16A-induced cell growth [44]. The gene discussed is MAPK3; the disease is head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.