In addition, TMEM16A overexpression activates different MAPK signaling in different cells, e.g. the Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK1/2 signaling pathway in UM-SCC1 HNSCC cells and T24 bladder cells [44], and the p38 signaling pathway in SMMC-7721 human hepatoma cells [52]. This evidence concerns the gene ANO1 and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.