ANO1 and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: If it is true that TMEM16A overexpression decreases [Cl−]i, possibly via increased efflux of Cl−, it is possible that TMEM16A overexpression results in activation of the MAPK signaling pathway, which was observed in UM-SCC1 HNSCC cells, T24 bladder cells, and SMMC-7721 human hepatoma cells [44, 52].