ANO1 and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: In support of this idea, there are consistent results in the literature showing that TMEM16A knockdown in cancer cells with 11q13 amplification decreases cell proliferation in vitro and slows tumor growths in xenograft animals [42, 44, 50, 59], and TMEM16A gene amplification is associated with poor clinical outcome in patients with HNSCC, ESCC, and breast cancer [42, 45, 46, 50] (Table 1).