In contrast, Shiwarski et al. reported that TMEM16A expression was decreased in metastatic lymph node tissues compared with primary tumors in patients with HNSCC, and epigenetical inhibition of TMEM16A expression via promoter hypermethylation was believed to cause cytoskeletal arrangement, increased cell migration and subsequent metastasis [74]. Here, ANO1 is linked to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.