VDR and age-related macular degeneration: The biological basis for health benefits related to vitamin D is well documented, and involves its anti-inflammatory role and the presence of vitamin D receptors in retinal tissues.43,44 Studies show that vitamin D reduces the production of inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein and homocysteine,45 both of which have been linked to AMD risk.26,46 In our study, we found that high dietary intake of vitamin D was associated with a reduced risk of NV, the advanced subtype involving growth of new blood vessels in the retina, although it was not associated with GA.