The additional proteins identified as sero-reactive in Thailand and Brazil compared to PNG had only low levels of seropositivity amongst the 32–33 individuals at time of infection (i.e. between 10–50%), except for a small number of proteins in the Thai individuals including one Pv-fam-a protein (PVX_092995) and MSP7 (PVX_082690). The gene discussed is USP9X; the disease is infection.