Because monocytes contribute to parasite clearance in other models of leishmaniasis [16–18], we first compared the recruitment of monocytes to the spleen in Hifflox/flox–Cd11c-Cre+ mice (HIF-1α-deficient) and their Cre- littermates (HIF-1α-sufficient) at various time points of infection. Here, ITGAX is linked to infection.