Further studies demonstrated that the upregulation of Noxa and reduction of Mcl-1 occurred within 6 h, while caspase-9 and PARP proteins were cleaved after 12 h, indicating that the Noxa/Mcl-1 pathway was associated with arenobufagin-triggered apoptosis in NSCLC cells (Figure 3D). This evidence concerns the gene CASP9 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.