MTOR and renal cell carcinoma: The pivotal phase III trial, the AXIS study, has evaluated axitinib (at a dose of 5 mg twice daily) compared to sorafenib (at a dose of 400 mg twice daily) in 723 RCC patients whose disease had progressed on one previous systemic therapy (cytokines, mTOR inhibitors, and VEGF inhibitors with the exception of axitinib and sorafenib) [26].