For example, reduced ST6Gal1 (α2,6 sialyltransferase 1) in the vasculature of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-refractory tumors facilitate Gal-1 binding to VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) and preserve angiogenesis for tumor growth9. Here, VEGFA is linked to neoplasm.