While many genes showed a tendency to an up-regulation in cancer-pain mice without reaching statistical significance (Supp Fig. 5), only four genes appeared to be significantly up-regulated in the bone-cancer-pain condition: calpain1 (Capn1), neurexophilin4 (Nxph4), synaptopodin (Synpo), and tropomyosin4 (Tpm4) (Fig. 3A, P < 0.05, Mann-Whitney). This evidence concerns the gene CAPN1 and cancer.