The goal of this project was to investigate the role of PPARγ: (i) in suppression of inflammation and glutamate transporter 1 (GLT-1) dysregulation, in vitro, in primary cultures of rat microglia and astrocytes exposed to HIV-1ADA gp120, and (ii) in vivo, in a rat model of HIV-1 associated brain inflammation. This evidence concerns the gene ITIH4 and brain inflammatory disease.