MCP-1 is a chemokine synthesized mainly in monocytes and macrophages Several factors affect synthesis of MCP-1 e.g. TNFα, Interferon-γ, PDGF and Angiotensin that are inducing synthesis of MCP-1 via NF-kB [13], which are also known to play a role in AF pathophysiology [4]. Here, CCL2 is linked to atrial fibrillation.