DYRK1A and Down syndrome: The Class 1 kinase DYRK1A has been implicated in a diverse variety of biological processes, including central nervous system development, Down syndrome, cancer, beta cell proliferation and diabetes, and Alzheimer’s disease, and the discovery of novel DYRK1A inhibitors has been a goal of many recent studies (Abbassi et al., 2015; Aranda et al., 2011; Shen et al., 2015; Smith et al., 2012; Stotani et al., 2016).