It has been shown that the use of arsenic (As2O3) for therapeutic treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) patients is effective because it triggers degradation of PML and oncogenic PML fusion proteins, such as PML-RARalpha, through promoting their hyper-SUMOylation (Ferhi et al., 2016). This evidence concerns the gene RARA and acute promyelocytic leukemia.