ADIPOQ and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Some of the deleterious renal consequences of obesity may be mediated by downstream comorbid conditions such as diabetes mellitus or hypertension, but there are also effects of adiposity which could impact the kidneys directly, induced by the endocrine activity of the adipose tissue via production of (among others) adiponectin [32], leptin [33] and resistin (Figure 1) [34].