For example, expression of HIF1α in vascular smooth muscle cells42 or macrophages43 promoted inflammation in atherosclerosis, whereas HIF1α activity in CD11c-positive antigen-presenting cells protected arteries from lesion formation by reducing T-cell infiltrates.44 Of particular note, a recent study revealed that HIF1α expression in EC promoted lesion formation by enhancing expression of proinflammatory microRNA-19a.23 Here, we focused on the pathway that controls HIF1α expression in vascular endothelium and the downstream mechanisms that contribute to the initiation of atherosclerosis. Here, HIF1A is linked to atherosclerosis.