Similar to these studies, Voloshenyuk TG et al. found that, in CFs, TGF-β1 augmented collagen expression and required activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, suggesting that the PI3K/Akt pathway may be involved in TGF-β1 signaling [58]. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is myalgic encephalomeyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome.