Despite this benefit, studies showed that DPP4 deficient rats treated with streptozotocin have increased tendency toward developing dyslipidaemia and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline compared to their wild-type littermates; thus, the protective effect against AKI could be partially offset by the newly emerged lipid dys-regulation [8], a point that should be considered. This evidence concerns the gene DPP4 and acute kidney injury.